Eriophorum angustifolium (Cotton grass) - Marginal Pond Plants - MBP035

Eriophorum angustifolium, commonly known as Cotton Grass or Common Cotton Grass, is a graceful perennial sedge native to wetlands, bogs, and moorlands across Europe, Asia, and North America. Renowned for its fluffy, cotton-like seed heads, this plant adds a soft, ethereal quality to water gardens, bogs, and damp landscapes. Beyond its ornamental appeal, it plays an essential role in wetland ecosystems.

Description

Eriophorum angustifolium grows to a height of 30–60 cm (12–24 inches) and forms clumps of narrow, grass-like leaves. The stems are upright and slender, supporting its distinctive flower heads.

From late spring to early summer (May to June), the plant produces small, inconspicuous flowers. These are followed by fluffy white seed heads, resembling tufts of cotton, which persist into late summer and create a striking visual effect as they sway gently in the breeze. The seed heads are the plant's signature feature and give it its common name.

Growing Conditions

Eriophorum angustifolium thrives in full sun to partial shade and requires consistently moist or waterlogged soil. It is ideal for planting in shallow water up to 5 cm (2 inches) deep or in wet, peaty soil. This plant prefers acidic soils, making it suitable for bog gardens, pond edges, and naturalized wetlands.

Hardy in the UK, Cotton Grass tolerates frost and regrows each spring after winter dormancy. It is particularly suited to cooler, temperate climates and does not tolerate prolonged drought.

Propagation and Care

Eriophorum angustifolium is propagated by division or seed. Division is best done in early spring or autumn by carefully separating clumps and replanting them in moist or waterlogged soil. Seeds can be sown in late autumn or early spring in damp, acidic soil.

Once established, the plant requires minimal maintenance. Regular watering is essential to maintain its preferred wet conditions. In naturalized settings, it generally requires little intervention, but in managed gardens, occasional thinning may be necessary to prevent overcrowding. Cutting back old foliage in late autumn or early spring helps prepare the plant for new growth.

Uses

Ornamental:

Cotton Grass is a beautiful addition to water gardens, pond edges, and bog gardens. Its soft, cotton-like seed heads add texture and movement, creating a naturalistic and serene aesthetic. It pairs well with other moisture-loving plants such as Caltha palustris (Marsh Marigold), Iris laevigata, and Carex pendula.

Naturalized Planting:

This plant is ideal for naturalizing in wetlands or peatlands, where it provides structure and enhances the visual appeal of the landscape.

Ecological Value

Eriophorum angustifolium is an important species in wetland ecosystems. Its roots help stabilize soil, reducing erosion and supporting the health of bogs and moorlands. The plant's seed heads and foliage provide habitat and nesting material for birds, while its flowers offer nectar and pollen for insects.

Considerations

• Moisture Needs: The plant requires consistently moist or waterlogged conditions and is not suitable for dry or well-drained soils.
• Soil Type: It prefers acidic soils, making it unsuitable for alkaline or neutral conditions unless modified.
• Spread Management: While not invasive, Cotton Grass can spread slowly in optimal conditions. Regular division helps control its growth in managed spaces.

Summary

With its elegant, cotton-like seed heads and ability to thrive in wet conditions, Eriophorum angustifolium (Cotton Grass) is a valuable and attractive addition to water gardens, bogs, and naturalized wetlands. Its ornamental beauty, ecological importance, and ease of care make it a versatile choice for enhancing aquatic and damp landscapes. Whether used in naturalistic settings or as a focal point in a bog garden, Cotton Grass brings a sense of movement and softness to the garden.

Why Choose Eriophorum angustifolium (Cotton Grass)?

Eriophorum angustifolium, commonly known as Cotton Grass, is a charming and distinctive perennial that thrives in wetland environments and shallow water. Known for its fluffy, cotton-like flower heads and graceful, slender stems, this plant is perfect for adding both texture and movement to marginal pond areas, bog gardens, and wet meadows. Its ability to thrive in moist conditions and its unique, airy flowers make it an excellent choice for enhancing the beauty of wetland gardens.

1. Fluffy, Cotton-Like Flower Heads

• Cotton Grass is most famous for its white, fluffy flower heads, which resemble cotton balls or tufts of cotton.
• These flowers bloom in early to mid-summer, creating an airy and ethereal effect in your garden. The fluffy flowers give a soft texture that contrasts beautifully with the surrounding greenery.
• The unique flowers attract pollinators, including bees and butterflies, supporting a healthy ecosystem in your garden.

2. Graceful, Slender Stems

• Features slender, grass-like stems that form tight tufts of leaves at the base.
• The tall, upright stems give the plant a graceful appearance, and they sway gently in the breeze, adding a sense of movement to your water garden or wetland area.
• The fine, narrow leaves add a delicate touch to your landscape, making it a perfect choice for creating a naturalistic or wild garden look.

3. Thrives in Wet and Moist Conditions

• Eriophorum angustifolium thrives in moist soils or shallow water (up to 30 cm / 12 inches deep), making it ideal for marginal pond areas, bog gardens, or wet meadows.
• It performs best in full sun to partial shade, ensuring healthy growth and abundant blooms in a variety of garden conditions.

4. Hardy and Low Maintenance

• Cotton Grass is a hardy perennial that tolerates fluctuating water levels and varying moisture conditions, making it perfect for diverse wetland environments.
• Once established, it is low-maintenance, requiring minimal care while providing beautiful, fluffy flowers year after year.

5. Wildlife-Friendly

• The fluffy flowers of Eriophorum angustifolium attract a variety of pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, and moths, enhancing the biodiversity of your garden.
• The plant’s dense foliage also provides shelter for small creatures like insects and amphibians, creating a safe and thriving environment for wildlife in your pond or wetland garden.

6. Erosion Control and Water Filtration

• The plant’s dense root system helps stabilize soil, making it ideal for erosion control along pond banks, marshes, or wetland areas.
• Eriophorum angustifolium also helps filter water, improving water quality by absorbing excess nutrients and contributing to a cleaner aquatic environment.

7. Versatile Design Use

• Ideal for water gardens, bog gardens, pond edges, or wetland landscapes, where it can add both texture and movement.
• Works well in naturalistic plantings, where its airy flowers complement other moisture-loving plants, or in wildlife-friendly gardens to support pollinators and small creatures.

Key Features

• Height: 30–60 cm (12–24 inches)
• Flowers: Fluffy, cotton-like white flower heads, blooming in early to mid-summer
• Soil: Moist to wet soil or shallow water
• Light: Full sun to partial shade

Eriophorum angustifolium (Cotton Grass) is a delicate and beautiful addition to any wetland or water garden. Its unique fluffy flowers, graceful stems, and wildlife benefits make it an excellent choice for creating a naturalistic, thriving aquatic space.